However, the role of the intercoder reliability test is still unclear in qualitative research, especially in analysing interview data in science education research. In quantitative research, interrater reliability ensures that two or more raters assign the same score to the same responses. Some of the science education studies that use interviews begin to report the results of the intercoder reliability test. Interrater reliability can be applied to data rated on an ordinal or interval scale with a fixed scoring rubric, while intercoder reliability can be applied to nominal data, such as interview data (O’Connor and Joffe Citation2020). Researchers commonly conflate intercoder reliability and interrater reliability (O’Connor and Joffe Citation2020). Intercoder reliability is ‘a numerical measure of the agreement between different coders regarding how the same data should be coded’ (O’Connor and Joffe Citation2020, 1). To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers begin to use the intercoder reliability test. Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students’ understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation2021 Tai CitationForthcoming) and teachers’ knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.
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